The surface of the earth is not the same everywhere. The earth has an infinite variety of landforms such as mountains, plateaus, plains and valleys; some parts of the lithosphere are rugged and some are flat. These landforms are the result of two processes – the Endogenic Process and the Exogenic Process. This chapter explains the landforms produced by running water (rivers), glaciers, wind and sea waves.
1. Processes that Shape the Earth's Surface
| Process | Also called | What it does |
|---|---|---|
| Endogenic Process | Internal process | Leads to the upliftment and sinking of the earth's surface at several places |
| Exogenic Process | External process | The continuous wearing down and rebuilding of the land surface |
Gradation is the process of levelling of highlands through erosion and filling up of lowlands through deposition.