Human evolution is the process through which humankind changes and develops towards an advanced stage of life. Humans have evolved over millions of years, adapting themselves to changing times. The story of human evolution can be scientifically studied with the help of archaeology and anthropology. This chapter traces the journey of humans from a nomadic hunting-gathering life to a settled life of farming, trade and towns.
1. Studying the Human Past
- Archaeology is the study of the material remains used by prehistoric humans. Excavated material remains are the main source for archaeological studies.
- Anthropology is the study of humans and their evolutionary history. The word comes from two Greek words: anthropos meaning "man" or "human", and logos meaning "thought" or "reason".
- Anthropologists investigate the whole range of human development and behaviour to achieve a total description of cultural and social phenomena.