Plant anatomy (Gk Ana = as under; Temnein = to cut) is the study of the internal structure of plants. The first account of the internal structure of plants was published by the English physician Nehemiah Grew, who is known as the Father of Plant Anatomy. The chapter also covers photosynthesis and respiration.
1. Tissues and Tissue Systems
Tissues are groups of cells that are similar or dissimilar in structure and origin, but perform a similar function. Based on their ability to divide, plant tissues are broadly classified into two: meristematic tissue and permanent tissue.
Sachs (1875) classified the tissue system in plants into three types: dermal (epidermal), ground and vascular tissue systems.
| Tissue System | Components | Functions |
|---|---|---|
| Dermal | Epidermis and periderm (in older stems and roots) | Protection; prevention of water loss |
| Ground | Parenchyma, chlorenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma | Food storage; photosynthesis; support and protection; support and rigidity |
| Vascular | Xylem and phloem | Transport of water and minerals; transport of food |