The Marathas played a major role in the decline of Mughal power. Under the dynamic leadership of Shivaji, they posed a strong challenge to Mughal power during the 1670s, and by the middle of the 18th century they had displaced Mughal power in central India. The Maratha General Venkoji (half-brother of Shivaji), leading the Bijapur forces, established Maratha rule in Thanjavur, which continued until the death of Serfoji II in 1832.
1. Causes of the Rise of the Marathas
Physical Features and Nature of the People
- The Maratha region consisted of a narrow strip of land called Konkan. Its precipitous mountains, inaccessible valleys and impregnable hill-forts were most favourable for military defence.
- The Marathas prided themselves on their loyalty, courage, discipline, cunningness and endurance. They had served under the Bahmani Sultans.
- They avoided direct battles with the Mughal armies (strong cavalry, deadly cannons). Guerrilla warfare was their strength: surprise lightning attacks at night and changing tactics without waiting for orders.